Bihar, an illustrious state nestled along the borders of Nepal, is a treasure trove of historical wonders that echo tales of India’s rich past. From grand monuments with captivating stories behind them to revered Buddhist pilgrimage sites, Bihar offers a unique blend of history and spirituality.
With Patna as its vibrant capital, this third-largest state by population beckons travelers to delve deep into its ancient heritage and explore the myriad historical gems it proudly houses. Join us as we begin on a journey to unveil the top 10 historical places in Bihar, each narrating its own timeless saga.
Here is a list of the top historical places to visit in Bihar:
1. Tomb of Sher Shah Suri
Situated in the town of Sasaram in Bihar, the Tomb of Sher Shah Suri stands as a testament to the legacy of Emperor Shah Suri, a Pathan from Bihar who valiantly defeated the Mughal Empire. Completed on August 16, 1545, this architectural masterpiece was crafted by the renowned architect Alawal Khan.
Made from exquisite red stone, the tomb showcases the brilliance of Indo-Islamic architecture. Towering at a height of 122 ft, it is often referred to as the “Second Taj Mahal of India”. Set amidst a serene lake, the tomb’s reflection on the water adds to its captivating beauty.
Historical Highlights:
- Located in Sasaram, Bihar.
- Commemorates Emperor Shah Suri, the Mughal Empire’s formidable adversary.
- Designed by architect Alawal Khan.
- Exemplifies Indo-Islamic architecture.
- Stands at a height of 122 ft.
- Often dubbed the “Second Taj Mahal of India”.
- Majestically set in the center of a lake.
2. Maha Bodhi Temple
Situated in the spiritual heart of Bodh Gaya, the Maha Bodhi Temple stands as a symbol of profound religious significance. Located just 96 km from Patna, this temple is renowned for housing the sacred Bodhi tree, under which Lord Buddha is believed to have attained enlightenment.
Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Maha Bodhi Temple has been a pilgrimage destination for devotees for over 2000 years. While it holds immense importance for Buddhists, the temple also attracts a vast number of Hindu pilgrims annually, making it a melting pot of devotion and spirituality.
Historical Highlights:
- Located in the revered town of Bodh Gaya.
- A mere 96 km journey from Patna.
- Home to the sacred Bodhi tree, the enlightenment site of Lord Buddha.
- Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- A pilgrimage hotspot for over 2000 years.
- Revered by both Buddhists and Hindus.
- Annual influx of a vast number of pilgrims from around the world.
3. Vikramshila University
Situated just 50 km from the city of Bhagalpur in Bihar, Vikramshila University stands as a testament to India’s rich academic heritage. Established in the late 8th or early 9th century by Pala king Dharmapala, the university once sprawled across a vast 100-acre campus. Its well-planned architecture and ample accommodations made it a premier learning center during the Pala empire.
However, its glory was short-lived as it faced destruction at the hands of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji in 1193. Originally comprising six colleges, the ruins of this ancient institution now serve as the backdrop for the popular Vikramshila Mahotsav.
Historical Highlights:
- Located 50 km from Bhagalpur, Bihar.
- Founded by Pala king Dharmapala in the 8th or 9th century.
- Once spread over a 100-acre area.
- Renowned as a leading center of learning during the Pala empire.
- Faced destruction in 1193 by Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji.
- Originally housed six distinct colleges.
- Currently a popular site for the Vikramshila Mahotsav.
4. Rohtasgarh Fort:
Nestled in the quaint city of Rohtas in Bihar stands one of the most ancient forts, a testament to India’s rich historical tapestry. Historians attribute the fort’s foundation to Raja Harishchandra, who named it “Rohtas” in honor of his son, Rohitashv. Dominating the landscape, the fort is perched atop a lofty hill, accessible by a challenging climb of 2,000 steps.
Surrounding the fort are notable landmarks that travelers often frequent, including The Ganesh Temple, The Rohtasan Temple, The Aina Mahal, and Habsh Khan’s mausoleum. Beyond its architectural grandeur, Rohtas Fort also stands as a symbol of the Kharwars dynasty’s legacy. Impressively, the fort boasts a total of 83 gates, each echoing tales of the past.
Historical Highlights:
- Located in the city of Rohtas, Bihar.
- Founded by Raja Harishchandra.
- Set atop a hill, accessible by 2,000 steps.
- Nearby attractions: The Ganesh Temple, The Rohtasan Temple, The Aina Mahal, and Habsh Khan’s mausoleum.
- A symbol of the Kharwars dynasty.
- Features a staggering 83 gates.
5. Ashok Pillar
Nestled in the historic town of Vaishali, the Ashok Pillar stands tall as a beacon of India’s rich past. Vaishali, renowned for its plethora of historical monuments, takes particular pride in this pillar. Crowned with a lion statue, this monument, often referred to as “The Lion Pillar”, was commissioned by King Ashoka. Towering at a height of 18.3 meters, it’s crafted from exquisite red sandstone.
Adjacent to the pillar, visitors can find the serene Ramkund tank. The inscriptions on the pillar are etched in Prakrit, Greek, and Aramaic, reflecting the diverse influences of that era. A devout follower of Buddhism, King Ashoka dedicated this pillar to commemorate the final sermon of Lord Buddha.
Historical Highlights:
- Situated in the historically rich Vaishali.
- Topped with a distinctive lion statue.
- Commissioned by King Ashoka.
- Stands at 18.3 meters, crafted from red sandstone.
- Nearby attraction: Ramkund tank.
- Inscriptions in Prakrit, Greek, and Aramaic.
- Dedicated to Lord Buddha’s last sermon.
6. Golghar
Situated in the heart of Bihar’s capital, Patna stands the iconic Golghar. Constructed in 1786, this architectural marvel bears a striking resemblance to a stupa. Designed by Captain John Garstin, a renowned engineer of Bengal, Golghar was originally envisioned as a granary with an impressive storage capacity of 140,000 tonnes.
Towering at a height of 29 meters, visitors can ascend to its summit by climbing a series of 145 spiral stairs. These stairs were ingeniously designed to allow workers swift and easy access to the top. Today, Golghar is not just a testament to historical ingenuity but also a major tourist attraction, set against a picturesque natural backdrop.
Historical Highlights:
- Located in Patna, the capital of Bihar.
- Built in 1786 with stupa-like architecture.
- Designed by Captain John Garstin.
- Originally a granary with a capacity of 140,000 tonnes.
- Stands at 29 meters with 145 spiral stairs for access.
- A popular tourist attraction with scenic surroundings.
7. Caves at Barabar Hills
Situated in Jahanabad, the caves at Barabar Hills are a testament to India’s rich architectural and historical heritage. Nestled within the twin hills of Barabar and Nagarjuna, these caves offer a serene and captivating experience. The ideal time to explore these ancient marvels is between October and March. Given their remote location, visitors are advised to bring along essentials like food and water.
Dating back to 322-185 BCE, the Barabar Hills house four main caves, while the Nagarjuna Hills are home to three. These magnificent caves were commissioned by Dasharatha Maurya, the grandson of the renowned King Ashoka. The intricate and beautiful architecture of these caves stands as a testament to the craftsmanship of that era.
Historical Highlights:
- Located in Jahanabad within the Barabar and Nagarjuna twin hills.
- Best visited between October and March.
- Founded in 322-185 BCE.
- Barabar hills feature four main caves; Nagarjuna hills have three.
- Commissioned by Dasharatha Maurya, Ashoka’s grandson.
- Exquisite architectural design.
8. The Ashokan Pillar:
The Ashokan Pillar in Kolhua, Muzaffarpur district of Bihar, is a testament to ancient Indian craftsmanship and the Mauryan dynasty’s legacy. Commissioned by King Ashoka, this 12-meter tall sandstone monolith is crowned with a lion statue, symbolizing Gautama Buddha’s teachings.
Adjacent attractions include a meticulously crafted brick stupa, the peaceful Ramkund tank, and the remnants of the Kitagarsala monastery, where Buddha once sought shelter during monsoons.
Historical Highlights:
- 12-meter tall sandstone pillar.
- Lion statue representing Gautama Buddha’s teachings.
- Located in Kolhua, Muzaffarpur district, Bihar.
- Nearby attractions: brick stupa, Ramkund tank, Kitagarsala monastery ruins.
- Erected during the Mauryan era (268 to 232 BCE).
9. Agam Kuan:
Nestled in Patna, Bihar, Agam Kuan, which translates to “unfathomable well”, is an ancient well steeped in legends and mysteries. Believed to date back to the time of Emperor Ashoka, this deep well is surrounded by a series of small temples and is considered sacred by many.
Its historical significance and the tales associated with it make Agam Kuan a must-visit for those intrigued by ancient Indian lore.
Historical Highlights:
- Situated in Patna, Bihar.
- Ancient well with historical and religious significance.
- Believed to be associated with Emperor Ashoka.
- Surrounded by a series of small temples.
- Known for its depth and mysterious legends.
10. Bihar Museum:
A modern architectural gem in the heart of Patna, the Bihar Museum is a treasure trove of art, culture, and history. Showcasing Bihar’s rich heritage, the museum houses an impressive collection of artifacts, sculptures, and paintings that span various eras.
With its state-of-the-art design and interactive exhibits, the Bihar Museum offers a journey through time, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts and curious minds alike.
Historical Highlights:
- Located in Patna, Bihar.
- Modern architectural design.
- Showcases Bihar’s rich heritage and history.
- Houses a vast collection of artifacts, sculptures, and paintings.
- Interactive exhibits for an immersive experience.
11. Harmandir Takht Shri Patna Sahib
Nestled on the sacred banks of the Ganga in Patna, Bihar, the Harmandir Takht Shri Patna Sahib, commonly referred to as Patna Sahib Gurudwara, stands as a revered pilgrimage site for Sikhs worldwide. Every year, it beckons thousands of devotees and visitors, transcending religious affiliations, political beliefs, and regional boundaries. The tranquil ambiance of the Gurudwara envelops visitors, drawing them into a profound spiritual experience and offering a sense of peace and divine connection.
The Gurudwara’s majestic white marble edifice, shimmering in the sun, is a testament to the grandeur of Sikh architectural prowess. Recognized as the focal point of Sikhism in Eastern India, it is undoubtedly one of the must-visit destinations in Patna.
Historical Highlights:
- Situated on the holy banks of the Ganga in Patna.
- A significant pilgrimage site for Sikhs globally.
- Welcomes visitors from diverse religious and regional backgrounds.
- Exemplifies the magnificence of Sikh architecture.
- Established in honor of the tenth Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh
12. Nalanda
Nestled in the heart of Central Bihar, Nalanda stands as a testament to India’s rich legacy of knowledge and learning. Renowned as one of the esteemed Mahaviharas, Nalanda is not just an ancient seat of Buddhist education but also a revered pilgrimage site. This town offers a harmonious blend of history, culture, spirituality, and architectural brilliance, enhancing Bihar’s cultural tapestry.
The allure of Nalanda is accentuated by its architectural masterpieces, many of which, though in ruins, still echo tales of a bygone era. The serene ambiance, coupled with its preserved old-world charm, makes Nalanda a captivating destination for history enthusiasts and spiritual seekers alike. Read Also: Top 10 Facts about Nalanda University, Bihar
Historical Highlights:
- Recognized as a UNESCO Heritage Site for its significant historical contributions.
- Boasted a university as early as around 200 AD.
- Was the epicentre of the Buddhist University, established during the ancient Kingdom of Magadha.
- Its teachings and discoveries played a pivotal role in shaping ancient India’s progress.
Conclusion
There are many historical monuments in Bihar which cannot be described in a single paragraph. All of them contain a great history behind that. All these monuments are visited by a large number of people every year. Visitors always want to know the history behind every monument because they contain a fascinating history. All the monuments in Bihar are fascinating to visit.
Further Insights:
- Top 10 Places to See in Bodhgaya, Bihar
- 5 Famous Waterfalls in Bihar
- Jain Tirth Temples in Bihar: Exploring the Sacred Places of Worship
- Top 10 Temples to Visit in Bihar for Religious Getaway
- Buddha Temple, Bodh Gaya Bihar – Travel Guide
- Bihar Ready to Host India’s First Museum Biennale
- 20 Popular Buddhist Places in India
- 100 Most Popular Places to Visit in India
